Ming Dynasty 明 Rulers (1368-1644)
Capital: Nanjing 南京 (modern Nanjing/Jiangsu), from 1403 Beijing |
temple name
-----reign periods |
personal name, relationship to predecessor
▲ buried in... (name of tomb hill) |
Ming Taizu 明太祖 r. 1368-1398
-----Hongwu 洪武 1368-1398
Usurpers Ming Yuzhen 明玉珍, Emperor of Xia 夏 1362-1371
-----Kaixi 開熙 1367-1371
Tian Jiucheng 田九成1397
-----Longfeng 龍鳳 1397 |
Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋
▲ Ming Xiaoling 明孝陵 |
Ming Huidi 明惠帝 r. 1398-1402
-----Jianwen 建文 1399-1402 |
Zhu Xunwen 朱允炆, grandson of Taizu
▲ (none) |
Ming Chengzu 明成祖 r. 1402-1424
-----Yongle 永樂 1403-1424 |
Zhu Di 朱棣, son of Taizu
▲ Ming Changling 明長陵 |
Ming Renzong 明仁宗 r. 1424-1425
-----Hongxi 洪熙 1425 |
Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾, son of Chengzu
▲ Ming Xianling 明獻陵 |
Ming Xuanzong 明宣宗 r. 1425-1435
-----Xuande 宣德 1426-1435 |
Zhu Zhanji 朱瞻基, son of Renzong
▲ Ming Jingling 明景陵 |
Ming Yingzong 明英宗 r. 1435-1449
-----Zhengtong 正統 1436-1449
Usurper: Huang Xiaoyang 黃蕭養 1449
-----Dongyang 東陽 1449 |
Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮, son of Xuanzong
▲ Ming Yuling 明裕陵 |
Ming Daizong 明代宗 r. 1449-1456
-----Jingtai 景泰 1450-1456 |
Zhu Qiyu 朱祁鈺, brother of Yingzong
▲ Ming Jingtailing 明景泰陵 |
Ming Yingzong (again) r. 1457-1464
-----Tianshun 天順 1457-1464
Usurpers Wang Bin 王斌 1457
-----Tianxiu 天繡 1457
Li Tianbao 李添保 1460
-----Wulie 武烈 1460 |
|
Ming Xianzong 明憲宗 r. 1464-1487
-----Chenghua 成化 1465-1487
Usurper Liu Tong 劉通 1465-1466
-----Desheng 德勝 1465-1466 |
Zhu Jianshen 朱見深, son of Yingzong
▲ Ming Maoling 明茂陵 |
Ming Xiaozong 明孝宗 r. 1487-1505
-----Hongzhi 弘治 1488-1505 |
Zhu Youcheng 朱祐樘, son of Xianzong
▲ Ming Tailing 明泰陵 |
Ming Wuzong 明武宗 r. 1505-1521
-----Zhengde 正德 1506-1521
Usurper Zhu Chenhao 朱宸濠 1519
-----Shunde 順德 1519 |
Zhu Houzhao 朱厚照, son of Xiaozong
▲ Ming Kangling 明康陵 |
Ming Shizong 明世宗 r. 1521-1566
-----Jiajing 嘉靖 1522-1566
Usurpers Zhang Lian 張璉 1560-1562
-----Zaoli 造曆 1560-1562
Cai Boguan 蔡伯貫 1565-1566
-----Dabao 大寶 1565-1566 |
Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜, grandson of Xianzong XXX
▲ Ming Yongling 明永陵 |
Ming Muzong 明穆宗 r. 1566-1572
-----Longqing 隆慶 1567-1572 |
Zhu Zaihou 朱載垕, son of Shizong
▲ Ming Zhaoling 明昭陵 |
Ming Shenzong 明神宗 r. 1572-1619
-----Wanli 萬厲 1573-1619 |
Zhu Yijun 朱翊鈞, son of Muzong
▲ Ming Dingling 明定陵 |
Ming Guangzong 明光宗 r. 1620
-----Taichang 泰昌 1620 |
Zhu Changluo 朱常洛, son of Shenzong
▲ Ming Qingling 明慶陵 |
Ming Xizong 明熹宗 r. 1620-1627
-----Tianqi 天啟 1621-1627
Usurper Xu Hongru 徐鴻儒 1622
-----Dacheng xingsheng 大成興盛 (大乘興勝) 1622 |
Zhu Youjiao (Zhu Youxiao) 朱由校, son of Guangzong
▲ Ming Deling 明德陵 |
Ming Sizong 明思宗 r. 1627-1644
-----Chongzhen 崇禎 1628-1644
Usurpers Li Zicheng 李自成, Emperor of Dashun 大順 1644-1645
-----Yongchang 永昌 1644-1645
Zhang Xianzhong 張獻忠, Emperor of Daxi 大西 1644-1646
-----Dashun 大順 1644-1646 |
Zhu Youjian 朱由檢, brother of Xizong
▲ Ming Siling 明思陵 |
Southern Ming (Nanming) 南明 1644-1661 |
The Prince of Fu 南明福王 r. 1644-1645
-----Hongguang 弘光 1645 |
Zhu Yousong 朱由崧 |
The Prince of Tang 南明唐王 r. 1645-1646
-----Longwu 隆武 1645-1646 |
Zhu Yujian 朱聿鍵 |
The Prince of Tang (2) 南明唐王 r. 1646
-----Shaowu 紹武 1646 |
Zhu Yuzhao 朱聿釗 (Zhu Yuyue 朱聿{金+粵}) |
| The Prince of Lu 南明魯王 r. 1646 |
Zhu Yihai 朱彝垓 |
The Prince of Gui 南明桂王 r. 1646-1661
-----Yongli 永厲 1647-1661 |
Zhu Youlang 朱由榔 |
The Prince of Han 南明韓王 r. 1646-1663
-----Dingwu 定武 1647-1663 |
Zhu Benli 朱本鉝 |
| The Prince of Huai 南明淮王 r. 1648-1661 |
Zhu Changqing 朱常清 |
